Updated List of diabetic medications for type 2 2014 | Type 2 diabetes medications chart

List of diabetic medications for type 2 diabetes

What medications for type 2 diabetes?

There are two types of drugs to decrease the concentration of blood sugar:

medicines taken by mouth (oral agents), and injectable drugs. Moreover, these drugs have different modes of action: improving the sensitivity of muscles and liver insulin stimulation of insulin production or intake thereof, decrease the absorption of sugars by intestine.

Depending on the stage of the disease, these drugs can be prescribed alone (monotherapy) or in combination (dual or triple therapy).

Drugs that improve the insulin sensitivity
These classes of drugs act by improving the effectiveness of insulin in the blood.

Metformin (biguanide)
This material enhances the effectiveness of insulin, in particular in muscle and liver (which are the sugar reserves). Metformin is widely used as a first treatment for type 2 diabetes (particularly overweight) when changes in eating habits and physical activity have failed to control blood sugar levels. It has been used for years and has proven to both reduce the amount of sugar in the blood to prevent cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes.

Regular monitoring of kidney function is required during treatment. Metformin should be stopped a few days before radiography using iodine or general anesthesia (except emergency), and a few days after recovery.

To reduce side effects (diarrhea during the first week of treatment), it is better to take increasing doses and ingest the middle or end of a meal.
When not enough to control blood sugar, metformin can be used in combination with stimulant medications insulin production (sulfonylureas, glinides) or with insulin.

Drug List Updated:  July 22,Tuesday, 2014 Updated List of diabetic medications for type 2 2014

Oral antidiabetic agents: biguanides
GLUCOPHAGE
METFORMINE Actavis Generic
Generic METFORMINE ALTER
Generic METFORMINE ARROW
METFORMINE BGR Generic
METFORMINE BLUEFISH Generic
METFORMINE Cristers Generic
METFORMINE EG Generic
METFORMINE EVOLUGEN Generic
METFORMINE ISOMED Generic
METFORMINE MYLAN PHARMA Generic
METFORMINE PHR LAB Generic
METFORMINE RANBAXY Generic
METFORMINE ratiopharm Generic
METFORMINE Generic RPG
METFORMINE Sandoz Generic
METFORMINE TEVA Generic
METFORMINE ZENTIVA Generic
METFORMINE ZYDUS Generic
STAGID

The symbol is displayed to the right of drugs that some presentations are available without prescription.

Glitazones (or thiazolidinediones)
This antidiabetic family works by increasing insulin sensitivity in muscle and adipose tissue (fat). It is preferably used in combination with other antidiabetic agents, metformin or sulphonylurea.
There are now more antidiabetic this family marketed in France. Indeed, the benefits of these antidiabetic seem inadequate for the risks they pose. 

Marketing drugs containing rosiglitazone (Avandia, Avandamet) was suspended in 2010 because of data establishing a risk of myocardial infarction. In June 2011, AFSSAPS also decided to remove from the market drugs containing pioglitazone (ACTOS or COMPETACT). Indeed, prolonged taking pioglitazone could be related to an increased risk of bladder cancer.


Drugs that stimulate insulin production
These drugs stimulate the release of a greater amount of insulin by the pancreas. They are more readily prescribed for patients who show no overweight.

The most serious side effect of this class of drugs is hypoglycemia, excessive drop in blood sugar caused most often by an inadequate dietary intake of sugars or unusual physical activity, particularly in the elderly or suffering renal failure. Alcohol abuse or improper self-medication with drugs, food supplements or plants can also trigger an episode of hypoglycemia.

Hypoglycemia can result in loss of consciousness, which can be dangerous in certain circumstances like driving or swimming. It is necessary to be fully aware of his body's reactions to treatment and possible hypoglycemia before performing certain activities. It is also important not to skip meals and to take precautions when traveling.

If you take this type of treatment, learn to recognize the signs of hypoglycemia: shakiness, sweating, weakness, attention disorders, hunger, dizziness, nervousness and irritability, palpitations, nausea, cold and clammy skin. Always have sugar or candy with you and a card indicating you have diabetes and the names of the medications you take.

Sulphonylureas
These substances are most often offered in combination with drugs improving insulin sensitivity (metformin, see above) when diabetes is not adequately balanced with a single drug.

Drug List Updated:  July 22,Tuesday, 2014 Updated List of diabetic medications for type 2 2014

Oral antidiabetic agents: sulfonylureas
Amaryl
Daonil
DIAMICRON®
GLIBENCLAMIDE MYLAN 2.5 mg Generic
GLIBENCLAMIDE ARROW 2.5 mg Generic
GLIBENCLAMIDE ARROW 5 mg Generic
GLIBENCLAMIDE BIOGARAN 2.5 mg Generic
GLIBENCLAMIDE BIOGARAN 5 mg Generic
GLIBENCLAMIDE EG 5 mg Generic
GLIBENCLAMIDE Mylan 5 mg Generic
GLIBENCLAMIDE RANBAXY 5 mg Generic
GLIBENCLAMIDE Sandoz 2.5 mg Generic
GLIBENCLAMIDE Sandoz 5 mg Generic
GLIBENCLAMIDE TEVA 2.5 mg Generic
GLIBENCLAMIDE TEVA 5 mg Generic
GLIBÉNÈSE
GLICLAZIDE Cristers Generic
GLICLAZIDE Actavis Generic
Generic GLICLAZIDE ARROW
GLICLAZIDE BGR 30 mg Generic
GLICLAZIDE BIOGARAN 80mg Generic
GLICLAZIDE EG 30 mg Generic
GLICLAZIDE EG 80 mg Generic
GLICLAZIDE ISOMED Generic
GLICLAZIDE KRKA Generic
GLICLAZIDE Mylan 30mg Generic
GLICLAZIDE Mylan 80mg Generic
GLICLAZIDE ratiopharm 30 mg Generic
GLICLAZIDE ratiopharm 80 mg Generic
GLICLAZIDE Sandoz 30mg Generic
GLICLAZIDE Sandoz 80mg Generic
GLICLAZIDE TEVA 30 mg Generic
GLICLAZIDE TEVA 80 mg Generic
GLICLAZIDE ZENTIVA 30mg Generic
GLICLAZIDE ZENTIVA 80mg Generic
GLICLAZIDE ZYDUS Generic
Generic GLIMEPIRIDE ARROW
GLIMEPIRIDE BGR Generic
GLIMEPIRIDE Cristers Generic
GLIMEPIRIDE EG Generic
GLIMEPIRIDE EVOLUGEN Generic
GLIMEPIRIDE MYLAN PHARMA Generic
GLIMEPIRIDE RANBAXY Generic
GLIMEPIRIDE RATIO Generic
GLIMEPIRIDE Sandoz Generic
GLIMEPIRIDE TEVA HEALTH Generic
GLIMEPIRIDE ZENTIVA Generic
GLIMEPIRIDE ZYDUS Generic
GLIPIZIDE Mylan Generic
HEMI-Daonil
MINIDIAB
OZIDIA

The symbol is displayed to the right of drugs that some presentations are available without prescription.
glinides
As sulfonylureas, these drugs stimulate the release of insulin. Duration of action is shorter than that of sulfonylureas, they must be taken immediately before meals.

Drug List Updated:  July 22,Tuesday, 2014 Updated List of diabetic medications for type 2 2014

Oral antidiabetic agents: glinides
NOVONORM
REPAGLINIDE Actavis Generic
Generic REPAGLINIDE ARROW
REPAGLINIDE BIOGARAN Generic
REPAGLINIDE Cristers Generic
REPAGLINIDE EG Generic
REPAGLINIDE KRKA Generic
REPAGLINIDE MYLAN PHARMA Generic
REPAGLINIDE RANBAXY Generic
REPAGLINIDE ratiopharm Generic
REPAGLINIDE Sandoz Generic
REPAGLINIDE TEVA Generic
REPAGLINIDE ZENTIVA Generic
REPAGLINIDE ZYDUS Generic

The symbol is displayed to the right of drugs that some presentations are available without prescription.

Substances that act through the incretin
The incretins are hormones that stimulate insulin secretion by the pancreas after a meal. Recent diabetes, inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 also known gliptins, act to increase the blood levels of these hormones, causing the secretion of insulin when glucose levels are elevated. They are used to control diabetes in case of failure of dietary measures, in combination with other oral antidiabetic agents (preferably with metformin, sometimes with sulphonylureas) or with insulin. 

Their interest is not well evaluated. Inflammation of the pancreas have been observed with this antidiabetic family. If significant and persistent abdominal pain when taking any of these medications, it is recommended to discontinue treatment and seek medical advice. One of these substances, saxapliptine (ONGLYZA) has been in March 2012 information on the risk of allergic reactions and pancreatitis during treatment. For more information: Onglyza: two adverse effects to keep in mind.


There are also substances (exenatide, liraglutide) which have the property of acting as incretins. They should be injected subcutaneously, such as insulin. They are always used in combination with oral antidiabetic drug (metformin or sulphonylurea, for example) when it has not shown sufficiently effective. They aim to better control glucose levels in the blood when it is high.

Drug List Updated:  July 22,Tuesday, 2014 Updated List of diabetic medications for type 2 2014

Injectable antidiabetic exenatide
BYETTA

Injectable antidiabetic: liraglutide
Victoza

Oral antidiabetic agents: inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4
GALVUS
JANUVIA
ONGLYZA
XELEVIA
The symbol is displayed to the right of drugs that some presentations are available without prescription.
Drugs that reduce the absorption of sugars
These drugs, the family of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, slow sugar absorption after meals. They must be taken before or with meals and may cause digestive side effects such as gas, abdominal pain, etc. They do not cause hypoglycaemia and do not cause weight gain.
Drug List Updated:  July 22,Tuesday, 2014 Updated List of diabetic medications for type 2 2014


Oral antidiabetic agents: inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase
ACARBOSE BIOGARAN Generic
ACARBOSE EG Generic
ACARBOSE Mylan Generic
ACARBOSE ZENTIVA Generic
DIASTABOL
GLUCOR

The symbol is displayed to the right of drugs that some presentations are available without prescription.

The oral antidiabetic associations
The glycemic control may require the combination of two diabetes belonging to different families. There are fixed associations of diabetes that can take only one tablet: metformin and sulfonylurea, metformin and inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4.

Drug List Updated:  July 22,Tuesday, 2014 Updated List of diabetic medications for type 2 2014

Associations of oral antidiabetic
EUCREAS
Glucovance
JANUMET
Komboglyze
VELMETIA


The symbol is displayed to the right of drugs that some presentations are available without prescription.

Insulin injections

When oral treatment is not effective enough to control the level of sugar in the blood, the doctor may prescribe insulin injections. The use of insulin is often resented by patients (fear of injection or hypoglycemia, weight gain, etc.). However, insulin is sometimes necessary to avoid serious consequences of uncontrolled diabetes. The switch to insulin is also needed when a woman with type 2 diabetes is pregnant. Oral medications are then insufficient to control blood sugar.

In general, the transition to insulin begins to associate oral agents for daily insulin injection delay (slow acting) before bedtime. Insulin dose is gradually increased until the fasting glucose (at sunrise) is less than 1.10 g / l. The patient learns to inject insulin using a disposable pen injector and measure blood glucose at sunrise and late afternoon (self).

If blood HbA1c nevertheless remains above 7%, more injections of rapid-acting insulin may be prescribed in addition, usually at the time of the most carbohydrate-rich meal. The objective is to maintain blood sugar less than 1.40 g / l after meals. In this case, oral treatments to increase insulin production (sulfonylureas, etc.) are suspended.

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Diabetes symptoms in women and men, must read!

SYMPTOMS OF DIABETES: HOW THE EARLY SCREENING?
Diabetes symptoms in women and men.

According to the French Diabetes Association (AFD), almost 700,000 French

Diabetes symptoms in women and men

diabetics are unaware of being affected by this condition. Yet it is essential to detect diabetes before complications occur with this disease.

Professor Patrick Vexiau * clear symptoms suggestive of diabetes and the most at risk people.

Can one have diabetes without knowing it? How is then carried the diagnosis of diabetes?

It is currently estimated that there are between 600,000 and 800,000 people with diabetes, women and men who are unaware of France, most of the 3 million known diabetics. Specifically, the data of the UKPDS (United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study of) showed that the actual onset of diabetes preceded August to October years diagnosis of the disease.

In over 80% of cases, diabetes is diagnosed during a blood test required as a routine. In coronary care units, 20% of patients are actually suffering from diabetes and half of them are diagnosed during this hospitalization, and thus for acute coronary complications.

Thus, for many people, the diagnosis of diabetes is made ​​on the occasion of a complication of the disease, given that it occurs a decade or more after the onset of diabetes, thus confirming the diagnosis is often overlooked during an entire decade.

How to spot the symptoms of diabetes in women and men?

Symptoms suggestive of diabetes are polyuria the existence of a polydypsique syndrome, that is, the appearance of a large thirst with the fact that the patient urinates frequently, especially at night, which wakes up and requires to get up. However, these symptoms only appear when sugar appears in the urine, which occurs when blood glucose exceeds 1,80g / l. In practice, this means that the blood sugar is well above 2 g / l when these symptoms are visible. Often then combines weight loss. Thus, when these symptoms occur, the diagnosis is already very late.

We must therefore insist that it is not directly on the symptoms associated with diabetes need to evoke the disease, but before the events that predispose to diabetes:

It is above all the existence of family history. If a parent has become known diabetes at the age of 50 years and it was not known for 10 years, the disease has thus emerged at the age of 40 years. It was then 35 years from a periodic systematic research should be performed in children.

The existence of other abnormalities such as dyslipidemia, hypertension or unexplained inflammatory syndrome, should be investigated, metabolic syndrome, which is frequently associated with diabetes.

Finally, lack of physical activity and overweight are major factors revealing a genetic predisposition to diabetes. Less active and / or overweight patients should regularly check the existence of diabetes, particularly when obesity is android (abdominal obesity).

It is known that diabetic patients often had large babies at birth. Thus, any woman who has had a child weighing more than 4.5 kg weight must periodically have diabetes. It was only at the cost of screening and systematic research that can happen to diagnose early and therefore to treat diabetes, to avoid complications.

In the absence of screening and treatment of diabetes, what are the risks?

In the absence of screening and treatment of diabetes, the main risk is that the disease is revealed by a complication.

This is most often a complication of vascular order (coronary heart disease, heart attack, stroke, peripheral arterial disease).

It can be also achieved the small vessels of the retina with a decrease in visual acuity, renal involvement with the appearance of albumin in the urine, and of overt renal disease (diabetes becomes the first cause of ESRD).

This may be yet nerve damage (neuropathy), an accident such as facial paralysis and impairment of ocular motility.

In the case of neuropathy with involvement of the peripheral nerves, appear signs of polyneuropathy and a burning sensation in the feet or like walking in cotton.

Finally, acute complications are favored by an unbalanced and therefore undiagnosed diabetes. This may be for example an infection from a wound that heals easily.

Diabetes is an insidious disease that causes low noise reached a particular vessel responsible for complications. The goal is early diagnosis to avoid the risk of complications and even diagnosed at the stage of pre-diabetes to deal with the lifestyle changes even before diabetes occurs.

* Professor Patrick Vexiau is the Secretary General of the French Diabetes Association (AFD) and department head diabetology and endocrinology at Saint-Louis Hospital in Paris (AP-HP).

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